Experiences with universal health coverage of maternal. The global maternal mortality ratio in 1983 was estimated to be 390 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. Levels and determinants of maternal mortality in northern. Aug 26, 2019 the relevance of women in contributing to inclusive growth and consequently economic development in nigeria cannot be overemphasized. Since the landmark zaria maternity survey in 1985, successive nigerian governments at both the national and subnational levels have adopted the major international recommendations on prevention of maternal mortality. Factors influencing maternal mortality among rural communities in southwestern nigeria dominic ezinwa azuh,1 akunna ebere azuh,2 emeka joshua iweala,3 davies adeloye,1 moses akanbi,1 raphael c mordi4 1department of demography and social statistics, 2department of estate management, 3biochemistry and molecular biology unit, department of biological sciences, 4department of chemistry, covenant. Maternal mortality rate in africa, by country statista. Maternal mortality rate refers to the annual number of deaths of women from pregnancyrelated causes per 100,000 live births, and nigeria s rate is still relatively high at about 630. The reality although mmr has declined worldwide over the past 10 years, nigeria remains one country with extremely high rates of maternal mortality nigeria remains one of 6 countries listed as accounting 50% of maternal deaths. Nigeria has third highest infant mortality rate in the. By comparison, the total number of maternal deaths in 2015 in the 46 most developed countries was 1700, resulting in a maternal mortality ratio of 12 maternal deaths per 100. Worse still, information on the regional trend and associated determinants are not readily available.
The washington state pregnancyrelated maternal mortality ratio was 9. Causes of maternal mortality in nigeria by maimuna bintu husaini department of sociology, faculty of social and management science, bayero university, kano, nigeria. An assessment of policies and programs for reducing maternal mortality in lagos state, nigeria. Reports from nigeria, subsaharan africa and the world at large have revealed that mortality experiences ranging from neonatal mortality, infant and child mortality to maternal mortality are still high 2,3,4. Nigeria ranks second in the world,after india in the scale of maternal mortality with the rate of 800 deaths per 00 live births akowe, 2009. Community study of maternal mortality in south west nigeria. Determinantscauses of maternal mortality in nigeria. Knowledge of the trend and determinants of under5 mortality are essential for effective design of intervention programmes that will enhance their survival. With an underfive mortality rate u5mr of 104 per 1,000 live births, and a neonatal mortality rate nmr of 34 per 1,000 live births in 2017, the country ranks 6 th highest in the world for child mortality, and the highest of all middleincome countries 3, 4. Maternal mortality ratio modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births nigeria who, unicef, unfpa, world bank group, and the united nations population division.
Experiences with universal health coverage of maternal health. Agespecific maternal mortality ratios per 100,000 live births by residence 21 figure 3. Full text factors influencing maternal mortality among. Pdf unsafe abortion and maternal mortality in nigeria. Methods the study used four rounds of nigeria demographic health surveys dhs, 2003, 2008, 20, and 2018. Sep 10, 2020 background maternal mortality has remained a challenge in many lowincome countries, especially in africa and in nigeria in particular. Geographical and socioeconomic inequalities in the. Mmr remains high in referral health facilities in nigeria due to. The global lifetime risk of maternal mortality for a 15yearold girl in 2017 was estimated at 1 in 190. To enable monitoring of the achievement of the goals, this report presents internationally comparable global, regional and countrylevel estimates and trends for maternal mortality between 2000 and 2017.
Under five mortality patterns and associated maternal risk. According to unicef, a womans chance of dying from pregnancy and childbirth in nigeria is 1 in. Maternal mortality ratio of nigeria fell gradually from 1,220 deaths per 100, 000 live births in 1998 to 917 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2017. The data are estimated with a regression model using information on the proportion of maternal deaths among nonaids deaths in women ages 1549, fertility, birth attendants, and gdp. Prevalence and risk factors for maternal mortality in referral hospitals. Mmrate maternal mortality rate pm proportion of deaths among women of reproductive age that are due to maternal causes ppp purchasing power parity sab skilled attendants at birth sdg sustainable development goal sdg 3. Table 1 maternal mortality ratios over the decade in kano state, northern nigeria, 19901999 year total deliveries total number of maternal deaths mmra per 100 000 95% confidence interval odds ratiob 1990 19117 400 2092 18872297 1. In subsaharan africa, a number of countries have halved their levels of maternal mortality since 1990. Data in support of high rate of pregnancy related deaths. Nigeria demographic and health survey 20 national population commission federal republic of nigeria abuja, nigeria icf international rockville, maryland, usa. Maternal mortality, an example of poor maternal health outcomes, is widely accepted as an indicator of the overall health of a population. The remaining 3% of the population live in the malaria free highlands. This study examines the geographical and socioeconomic inequalities in maternal healthcare utilization in nigeria over the period between 2003 and 2017.
The 2017 ghana maternal health survey 2017 gmhs was implemented by the ghana statistical service gss and the ghana health service ghs from 15 june through 12 october 2017. Unlike national rates, maternal mortality rates in washington have not increased over time. Jun 01, 2018 pregnancy related deaths prd are public health concern in most developing countries and nigeria in particular. Awareness and perception of maternal mortality among women in. Malaria in nigeria malaria is a major public health problem in deaths than any other country in the world.
Currently, nigeria s maternal mortality ratio mmr of 560 per 100,000 live births is higher than the subsaharan african average of 510. Jan 23, 2021 nigeria maternal mortality rate for 2016 was 925. Maternal mortality ratio modeled estimate, per 100,000 live. We aimed to examine the mortality patterns in under5. Maternal mortality, which is widely accepted as a key indicator of population health and of socioeconomic development,1 is high in many african communities. Allcause mortality among all age groups crude mortality and among children aged mortality was above emergency thresholds in regions of borno and yobe states during februarymarch 2017.
This compares with 215,000 deaths per year in nigeria. Ghana maternal mortality rate 20002021 macrotrends. In other regions, including asia and north africa, even greater headway has been made. As of 2015, the maternal mortality rate in nigeria was 814 deaths per 100,000 live births. In achieving the mdg target of reducing global maternal mortality by 75 percent, progress in nigeria could prove pivotal. Data in support of high rate of pregnancy related deaths in.
Maternal mortality ratio of nigeria fell gradually from 1,170 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2003 to 917 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2017. Maternal mortality ratio modeled estimate, per 100,000. Action to accelerate reduction of maternal and neonatal mortality in nigeria. Demographic and health survey ndhs conducted by national population. Dec 14, 2017 the use of sisterhood method for estimating maternal mortality ratio in lagos state, nigeria. Table 1 shows the best available estimates of maternal mortality ratios, total maternal deaths, and lifetime risk of maternal death in the developing world in 1983 and 1990.
Subsaharan africa has been reported to have the highest maternal death proportions of about 56% of global maternal deaths 1,3,7,8. Maternal mortality ratio mmr in several low and middleincome. Factors influencing maternal mortality among rural. In this paper, effort was made to determine the risk factors maternal education, maternal age at birth, and antenatal care visit associated with maternal mortality at the federal medical center. May 22, 2017 reports from nigeria, subsaharan africa and the world at large have revealed that mortality experiences ranging from neonatal mortality, infant and child mortality to maternal mortality are still high 2,3,4. Secondary school attendance among children aged 1217 years. Nigeria still has high prevalence of mortalities reflected in infants and children amongst others 5,6,7. Prevalence and determinants of childhood mortality in nigeria. Northeast has the highest maternal mortality rate, compared to other regions, with 1,549 deaths per 100,000 live births. Indicators, nigeria 201617 child mortality early childhood mortality mics indicator indicator description valuea 1. Maternal mortality rates and statistics unicef data.
Perinatal mortality in nigeria the state of the nation. Ghana 2017 maternal health survey key findings sr251. Reduce under five mortality to 23 by 2025 and mmr from current levels to 100 by 2020. Eightyseven percent n46 deaths of pregnancyassociated maternal deaths were to women aged 20 to 39 years, 9% 5 were aged 40 or older, and 4% 2 were under age 20. Reduce neonatal mortality to 16 and still birth rate to single digit by 2025. Nigeria and india had the highest estimated numbers of maternal deaths, accounting for. Development goal 3 good health and wellbeing according to united nations 2017. Maternal health in nigeria center for strategic and international. Reduction in child marriage is highly correlated with a decline in maternal and child morbidity and mortality. This means the country has a lifetime risk of maternal death of 4. Currently, nigeria has an estimated maternal mortality ratio of 821 per 100,000 live births.
We study how aid affects infant mortality at the subnational level by matching aiddata. Causes and contributory factors of maternal mortality. These goals were not met in nigeria and it is important to look at some of the reasons why. Rate of maternal morbidity per 10,000 delivery hospitalizations. Though health disparities exist between the north and south of nigeria, there is a dearth of evidence on the estimates and determinants of maternal mortality for. In addition, the 2018 ndhs provides estimates of anaemia. The funding for the 2017 gmhs was provided by the government of ghana, the united states agency for international development usaid. With these abysmal indicators of maternal and reproductive health care, it is not. Meeting the challenges of measuring and preventing. The effects of public health spending on maternal mortality. Pdf risk factors for maternal mortality in nigeria. For every pregnancyrelated death in the united states, 70 women experience a near miss smm. African countries with the highest maternal mortality rate in 2017 deaths per.
Levels and determinants of maternal mortality in northern and. Nigeria maternal mortality rate 20002021 macrotrends. Mimiko universal health coverage of maternal care african journal of reproductive health september 2017. The consequences of maternal morbidity and maternal mortality. One of the millennium development goals was reduction in maternal mortality by 3 quarters by 2015. However, between 1990 and 2010, the global maternal mortality ratio i. Every single day, nigeria loses about 2,300 underfive year olds and 145 women of child bearing age, making the country the second largest contributor to underfive and maternal mortality rate in.
The average annual rate of reduction arr in global mmr during the 2000 2017 period was 2. Trends in mortality rates comparing estimates from the 2010 phc and other. Nationwide, the most recent data 2003 show that the infant mortality rate for blacks is. Despite the efforts put in by the concerned authorities, prd remains an integral part of maternal mortality or maternal deaths in nigeria in general and borno state in particular, as evidenced from the records obtained from umaru shehu hospital, maiduguri a state hospital in the. Nigeria where it accounts for more cases and there are an estimated 100 million malaria cases maternal mortality. Maternal mortality in 20002017 who world health organization. Nov 12, 2019 background maternal mortality is still a major risk for women of childbearing age in nigeria.
Fifteen years earlier, the figure was slightly lower at 800 deaths per 100,000. Mar 19, 2018 currently, nigeria is the highest contributor to maternal mortality in central and western africa and contributes 14% to the global maternal mortality rate. Ninety countries were estimated to have mmr of 50 or less in 2017. To address the high maternal mortality rates, minister of health, professor isaac adewole in july 2017 inaugurated a 34member task force to accelerate reduction of maternal mortality in nigeria. Gender inequality, maternal mortality and inclusive growth in.
In 2017, maternal mortality ratio for nigeria was 917 deaths per 100,000 live births. Whichever figure is used, maternal mortality rate is extremely high in nigeria. The high rate of maternal mortality in nigeria has been a major. The rate has declined only modestly since 20 and has not regained the low level seen in 2011. Having targets for mortality reduction is important, but accurate measurement of maternal mortality remains challenging and many deaths still. Statistics on demographics of nigeria birth and fertility rate. Currently, nigeria has the second highest burden of maternal mortality in the world and contributes about 15 percent of the annual total global deaths which represent two. Women play important social, economic and productive roles in any economy. Primary school attendance and outofschool children. Maternal mortality, which is widely accepted as a key indicator of population health and of socioeconomic development, 1 is high in many african communities.
Nigeria fights high maternal mortality through improved. Perspectives on maternal and health care in nigeria. Gender inequality, maternal mortality and inclusive growth. Nov 12, 2015 maternal mortality declined by 38 per cent between 2000 and 2017 maternal mortality refers to deaths due to complications from pregnancy or childbirth. Who, unicef, unfpa, world bank group and the united nations. Africa, particularly subsaharan africa ssa, has made insignificant progress toward reducing maternal mortality rate in the continent where almost half of the maternal deaths still occur. Even though maternal mortality, which is a pregnancyrelated death is preventable, it has continued to increase in many. In 2015, nigeria s estimated maternal mortality ratio was over 800 maternal deaths per 100 000 live births, with approximately 58 000 maternal deaths during that year. Pdf maternal mortality and maternal health care in nigeria. Though health disparities exist between the north and south of nigeria, there is a dearth of evidence on the estimates and.
Nigeria has taken a step to reduce child marriage through the child rights act. Oct 25, 2018 background under5 mortality rate in the subsaharan region has remained unabated. Obstetric hemorrhage was the commonest cause of maternal mortality mentioned by subjects 85. Introduction in the year 2000, the country with the highest estimated number of maternal death is india 6,000 followed by nigeria 37,000 world health organization, 2004. Maternal health literacy, antenatal care, and pregnancy. Accelerated reduction of maternal and newborn mortality in nigeria. Estimates developed by who, unicef, unfpa and world bank.
Agespecific maternal mortality ratios per 100,000 live births by region 22 figure 3. Nhrec 0101200716072014, renewed in 2017 with nhrec. The national maternal mortality ratio has remained elevated despite efforts to reduce maternal deaths. Maternal mortality declined by 38 per cent between 2000 and 2017 maternal mortality refers to deaths due to complications from pregnancy or childbirth. Download pdf bmc pregnancy and childbirth biomed central. In spite of the progress achieved over the past few decades, nigeria still has very poor child survival metrics 1, 2.
1720 1175 1343 1134 1527 891 894 918 1 994 603 398 586 1161 1632 1348 1098 1115 1413 761 774 985 731 613 873 1053 399 1025 446 111 1457 1076 523 1091 284